United Kingdom

Industrial doctorates reshape PhD training as UK model tightens links with industry

· By H. Yang, R. Jeffrey

Engineering doctorate case study suggests doctoral education is shifting towards applied, industry-embedded knowledge production

China’s international branch campuses: engines of opportunity – or inequality?

· By H. Yang, M. Wu

China’s international branch campuses are expanding rapidly, promising global pathways and English-medium degrees. But new evidence suggests they disproportionately serve urban, affluent students, with family income emerging as a decisive factor in access. Rather than widening participation, these institutions risk reinforcing existing inequalities within Chinese higher education.